1.33. Features of driving of the car and auxiliary systems (ABS, EDS, ASR, ESP)
Economically and ecologically optimum drivingFuel consumption, environmental pollution, wear of the engine, brakes and tires depend on various factors.
The driving manner substantially defines profitability, toxicity of emissions and noise level.
Do not warm up the engine idling.
Warming up idling takes away a lot of time. And at a stage of warming up intensity of wear of the engine and level of toxicity of emissions are especially high. Therefore as soon as the engine was started, begin the movement at once, avoiding at the same time the raised turns.
Avoid dispersals with completely squeezed out accelerator pedal.
Precisely dosing pressing a pedal, it is possible to reduce significantly fuel consumption, having reduced at the same time environmental pollution and intensity of wear of the rubbing details.
At the movement avoid it is useless high turns. Switch to an overgear as soon as possible, and on lowered only when without it operation of the engine can be broken.
For example, fuel consumption on the 2nd transfer more than twice higher, than at the movement on the highest transfer. At the same time, thanks to decrease in turns of the engine, the level of its noise decreases.
Whenever possible you do not bring speed to maximum.
In process of accumulation of speed there is a superproportional increase in fuel consumption, harmful emissions and noise level.
The movement has to be whenever possible uniform, based on ability to expect a situation on the road.
Useless maneuvering with dispersals and braking is paid with the increased fuel consumption and environmental pollution.
You suppress the engine at the delays in way caused by traffic conditions.
Specific conditions of operation also affect fuel consumption.
The following situations are adverse concerning fuel consumption, for example:
High intensity of the movement, especially on streets of big cities, with numerous traffic lights.
The movement with frequent stops, with start and warming up of the engine before each following departure.
The movement in a column on low gears, with rather large number of turns of the engine on unit of the passable way.
Planning the trips in advance, whenever possible avoid the movement with frequent stops, the movements in a column, etc. of situations.
Certainly, fuel consumption depends also on factors which the driver cannot influence. Normally, for example, if the expense increases in the winter or at operation in difficult conditions (bad condition of the carriageway, the movement with the trailer, etc.).
Specifications
economical fuel consumption and profitability are put in the car at its development and production. Special significance was attached to decrease in environmental pollution. For optimum realization and preservation of these qualities observe recommendations below:
Procedural maintenance you carry out THAT according to the plan
Service according to the plan guarantees not only constant readiness for operation, but also profitability, decrease in environmental pollution and durability.
Check air pressure in tires each 4 weeks.
At pressure drop below norm resistance to swing increases. Thereof not only fuel consumption increases, but also wear of tires accelerates. At the same time dynamic properties of the car worsen.
You do not carry useless ballast in a luggage carrier.
Especially at the movement in the city, in need of a frequent talk, the mass of the car considerably influences fuel consumption.
Remove a luggage carrier on a roof right after use.
Especially at a high speed fuel consumption because of increase in aerodynamic resistance increases.
Consumers of current include only if it is really necessary.
Heating of back glass, additional headlights, the fan of a heater and the conditioner * are characterized by essential consumption of power. The corresponding increase in load of the generator increases fuel consumption.
Regularly you watch fuel consumption.
Check fuel consumption during each filling. It will allow to debug in due time, conducting to its overexpenditure.
Check oil level when filling.
The oil consumption in an essential measure depends on loading and the speed of the engine.
Authentically it is possible to judge an oil consumption only after the run of the first 5000 km.
Told belongs also to fuel consumption and engine capacity.
Normal operation of the catalytic converter of the fulfilled gases is decisive a condition of operation of the car.
Therefore observance of the following rules is obligatory:
Fuel the car with the catalytic converter only unleaded.
Even one-time filling with ethylated gasoline leads to deterioration in effect of operation of the converter.
If the car was operated on unleaded fuel, surely replace the catalytic converter.
Never run out of fuel to an empty tank on the car with the catalytic converter.
Violation of supply of fuel can lead to interruptions in ignition. Because of it not burned down fuel gets to system of production of the fulfilled gases. It can lead to an overheat and damage of the catalytic converter.
If during the movement of the car there are interruptions in ignition, falling of power and uneven operation of the engine, then malfunction in system of ignition can be the cause. In this case not burned down fuel can get to system of production of the fulfilled gases, and from there to the atmosphere. Besides, the catalytic converter can fail from an overheat. At once reduce speed and eliminate malfunction on the next HUNDRED Audis.
Do not pour oil in the engine above the maximum mark.
It is not necessary to tow the car for the purpose of start of the engine on distance over 50 m.
Leaving the car on the parking, you remember the following:
ATTENTION
Movement along bad roads
In order to avoid damages of your car you remember the following:
At arrival on a platform, curbstone, movement along bad roads, etc. you watch that knots and details the spoilers and an exhaust pipe which are under the bottom, for example, were not damaged.
It especially belongs to cars with a low suspension bracket (sports option) and at full load of the car.
Braking
General provisions
New brake shoes have to be earned extra and therefore on the first 400 km after replacement do not provide optimum braking. Decrease in efficiency of braking is compensated by the corresponding increase in effort to a brake pedal.
In the period of a running in avoid strong braking, especially at very high speed, and also braking on steep slopes and descents (for example, passes).
Under certain conditions operation, for example, after driving through water, at a heavy rain or after a sink, the brake effect can decrease because of moistening, and in the winter even to occur frosting of brake shoes or disks. In this case dry up brakes easy braking. Decrease in brake effect is possible also after a long break in use of brakes at movement along the roads salted. First of all, remove a salt layer from brake disks and blocks easy with braking.
Emergence of corrosion of brake disks and pollution of slips are promoted by long idle standing of the car, an insignificant run and low loadings of the brake system.
At long low loading of the brake system, and also at emergence of corrosion, for the purpose of restoration of trouble-free operation of brakes, it is recommended to clear brake disks and blocks rather strong repeated braking at an average speed of the car.
Carry out this braking it is possible only under favorable road conditions and provided that it will not constitute danger to other participants of traffic.
Sudden increase in the course of a brake pedal is possible at refusal of one of contours of the double-circuit brake system. In this case it is necessary to move slowly to the next HUNDRED Audis, considering increase in effort to a pedal of a brake and a brake way.
Regularly check the level of brake fluid.
About falling of level of liquid below norm fire of a control lamp of the brake system or indication of the control system of malfunctions of the car * signals (address subsection Control and measuring devices. Precautionary and diagnostic systems).
Amplifier of the brake drive
The amplifier of the brake drive operates only in the presence of the vacuum created by the working engine. Therefore never allow the movements of the car a setup with the idle engine.
When the amplifier of the brake drive does not work, for example, because of its damage or need of towage of the car, the effort to a brake pedal has to be is much bigger for the purpose of compensation of the absent effect of strengthening.
Use of additional rugs under the driver's legs
Ever and nothing has to prevent use of pedals. Therefore under legs it is impossible to place objects which can slide off under pedals.
At malfunctions of the brake system for braking increase in the course of a pedal can be required.
At any time the possibility of squeezing of pedals of coupling and an accelerator against the stop has to be provided.
The possibility of free return of all pedals to a starting position has to be guaranteed.
In a zone of pedals there should not be also foot rugs and others the additional, covering a floor objects.
Therefore only the rugs which are not coming into a zone of pedals and which can be fixed in order to avoid their shift are allowed to application.
ATTENTION
System of anti-blocking of brakes (ABS)
ABS considerably promotes increase in efficiency of safety of the car. Decisive advantage of the brake system with ABS in comparison with usual is that wheels are not blocked even at emergency brake application on the slippery road. Thanks to it in the maximum degree controllability and stability of the car remains.
It is impossible to count that thanks to ABS the brake way will be less under any circumstances, however. At the movement on the gravel or new-fallen snow lying over the slippery road when it is already necessary to move extremely carefully and with the minimum speed, the brake way can even increase slightly.
Principle of action of ABS
At achievement of speed of the car about 6 km/h there is an automatic process of control. At the same time it is possible to hear noise of operation of the pump.
At tendency of a wheel to blocking pressure in the brake drive of this wheel decreases. This process of regulation is noticeable by a pulsation of a brake pedal and is followed by characteristic noise manifestations. Thereby to the driver the warning signal of work of one or several wheels in the mode close to a skid is specially given. For providing by means of ABS hold a pedal of a brake in this mode of optimum effect of regulation pressed, and do not brake in several musclemen at all!
ATTENTION
The raised degree of safety should not provoke dangerous risk.
About malfunction of system of anti-blocking of brakes the control lamp signals – address subsection Control and measuring devices. Precautionary and diagnostic systems.
Electronic blocking of differential (EDS) *
EDS works together with ABS. EDS works in the automatic mode – i.e. without participation of the driver.
By means of sensors of ABS controls turns of driving wheels to the speed about 40 km/h (the forward drive) or 80 km/h (four-wheel drive).
ABS brakes the revolving wheels (for example, on the slippery carriageway), and the raised rotating moment is transferred to the wheels having the best coupling with the road.
It is necessary to adhere to the following recommendations:
At start-off from the place press an accelerator pedal according to road conditions. At pro-slipping of a wheel (for example, one wheel on ice) press an accelerator pedal so that the car started.
At acceleration on equally slippery on all width of the road, for example, to ice and snow carefully press an accelerator pedal. Especially on front-wheel cars there is a probability of skidding of driving wheels, despite EDS and by that violations of stability at the movement.
EDS is for a short time disconnected that the disk brake of the braking wheel at extraordinary high loading did not overheat. At the same time the car is ready for operation and has the same dynamic properties, as the car without EDS.
ATTENTION
Traction control system (ASR) *
ASR interferes with skidding of driving wheels at start-off from the place and dispersal by decrease in torque of the engine.
ASR works together with ABS in all range of speeds. At malfunction of ABS also ASR will not work.
ASR joins automatically at start of the engine. In need of it it is possible to include and disconnect pressing of a key among switches – address subsection Switches and switches.
At the disconnected system the control lamp of ASR burns. Address subsection Control and measuring devices. Precautionary and diagnostic systems.
Usually ASR has to be always included. Only in certain, exceptional cases, in need of slipping, it should be disconnected, namely:
– at the movement with the established emergency wheel *
– at the movement with antisliding chains
– at the movement on deep snow or friable soil
– in attempt to leave a vraskachka after jamming, and also
– at entrance on rises with extremely various extent of coupling of driving wheels (for example, under the left wheel – ice, under right – dry asphalt).
After that turn on the device again.
ATTENTION
Electronic program of stabilization of course stability (ESP) *
ESP increases efficiency of control of dynamics of the movement of the car in extraordinary situations, for example, at acceleration and on turns.
ESP expands the ABS/ASR functions and reduces danger of a drift under any traffic conditions. Thereby stability of the car improves during the movement.
ESP works in combination with ABS in all range of speeds. At failure of ABS also ESP will not work.
ESP joins automatically at start of the engine and carries out self-diagnostics.
If necessary, ESP can be included and disconnected pressing of a key (ESP).
At the disconnected ESP its control lamp burns. Address subsection Control and measuring devices. Precautionary and diagnostic systems.
Usually ESP has to be always included. Only in certain exceptional cases, in need of slipping, it is necessary to disconnect it, namely:
– at the movement on deep snow or friable soil
– in attempt to leave in a swing after jamming.
After that include ESP again.
At the disconnected ESP, remain in an operating mode of ABS and EDS.
Principle of action
The electronic program of stabilization of course stability includes ABS, EDS and ASR. Along with the data obtained during the operation of these devices, the ESP monitor needs the additional parameters received by means of highly sensitive sensors. Speed of rotation of the car around its vertical axis, cross acceleration, pressure is measured in system of the brake drive and an angle of rotation of the operated wheels.
Intention of the direction of the movement of the driver which is continuously compared to the actual operating mode of the car is determined by an angle of rotation of wheels and speed of the car. At divergences, for example, the beginning of a drift of the car, ESP automatically brakes the corresponding wheel.
Impact on a wheel when braking effective forces is resulted by stabilization of the car. At a tendency to a drift of the back bridge of the car, influence of brake effort is carried out mainly on a forward wheel, external in relation to the center of turn. At a tendency to a drift of a forward part of the car, the next to the center of turn is braked a back wheel. Work of ESP is followed by noise.
ATTENTION
The mode of driving has to correspond to a condition of the carriageway and a road and transport situation. The raised safety degree caused by ESP should not provoke dangerous risk!
Four-wheel drive (quattro) *
The four-wheel drive of your car works in the automatic mode.
The torque is distributed automatically, in optimum compliance with dynamics of the movement of the car and specific road conditions.
Thanks to the all-wheel drive configuration developed with orientation to big engine capacity, your Audi is extraordinary effective car with excellent road performance as under normal conditions the carriageway, and in extreme conditions, during snow or ice.
Surely follow the following safety rules:
ATTENTION
Brake opportunities are limited to coupling of tires with the road and differ in nothing from brake opportunities of the car with two driving wheels.
Therefore the high dynamics of dispersal remaining even on a slippery covering never has to provoke to abuse of high speeds.
Moving on the wet road, you remember that at too high speed emerging (hydroplaning) of forward wheels is possible. At the same time, unlike front-wheel cars, the beginning of emerging is not characterized by sudden increase in speed of the engine. Therefore avoid too high speeds, choosing them according to specific road conditions.
Movement on dirt roads
Audi is not the car of the increased passability. The road gleam is for this purpose too small.
Winter tires
All-wheel drive cars even with serial tires in winter conditions have high traction and dynamic qualities. However for improvement of road performance and increase in efficiency of braking establish on all four wheels of the tire with the winter drawing of a protector or the tire intended for any weather. Address also the subsection Check of a Condition of Tires and Pressure in them. Designation of tires and disks of wheels.
Application of chains of antisliding
The rules ordering surely use of antisliding chains extend as well to all-wheel drive cars. More detailed information on application of chains of antisliding is provided in the subsection Rotation and replacement of wheels. Antisliding chains.