2.4. Check of a condition of tires and pressure in them
| | Indicators of wear of a protector of the tire up to the depth of 1.6 mm are in the places designated on TWI sidewall |
| | Check of pressure of air in tires |
Gate of tires
1 and 2 – rubber and metal caps
3 – gate
| 4 – gate case |
| PERFORMANCE ORDER |
1. UDI depending on model and equipment can have tires and disks of various sizes. Disks have depth of a press fitting of 38 mm. Depth of a press fitting is a distance from the middle of a disk to a persistent surface of a wheel on a brake disk or a drum.
Wheel bolts for steel and light-alloy wheels have the identical sizes. |
ATTENTION At installation of light-alloy wheels of other producers bolts of other sizes can be required.
The equipment constantly develops. Can be so that for older models other values of pressure in tires are admissible. The sizes specified in documents to the car are defining.
| | 2. At a sports manner of driving it is recommended to increase pressure in forward and back tires by 0.2 bars. At increase in pressure it is necessary to proceed from a base-line value for various conditions of loading. |
| 3. Winter tires as a rule have pressure upon 0.2 bars above than summer. It is necessary to consider recommendations of manufacturers of winter tires. | | 4. As winter tires have restriction on speed, in sight of the driver the plate with the indication of the maximum speed has to be strengthened. | Designations of disks
Example 6 J x 15:
6 width of a disk in inches
J alphabetic reference of height and contour of an onboard zakraina of a rim of a disk
x designation of a unicomponent deep disk
15 diameter of a disk in inches Admissible side beating on the onboard zakrayena of a disk: 1.2 mm;
Admissible vertical beating on the landing shelf of a disk: 0.8 mm.
Designation of tires
Example: 195/70 R 14 89 H
195 width of the tire in mm
/70 height relation to width (height of cross section of the tire makes 70% of width)
If hotel data on width relation to height are absent (for example, 175 R 14), means it is about the "normal" relation. It makes 82%.
N class of speed, N: to 210 km/h (on new tires it is brought not always).
R radial design
14 size of a disk in inches
89 parameter of loading capacity
ATTENTION If between data 14 and 89 there is a designation M+S, it is about tires with a winter protector.
N designation of admissible maximum speed.
The letter of speed stands behind the tire size. Symbols of speed belong both to summer, and to winter tires.
Alphabetic references of speed
Q 160 H 210
S 180 V 240
T 190 W 270
Date of production of the tire
Date of production of the tire is installed on the tire in a code of the producer
Example: DOT CUL2 of UM8 019 TUBELESS
DOT Department of Transportation (U.S. Department of Transportation)
CU reduction of the name of the manufacturer
L2 tire size
UM8 execution of the tire
01 dates of production – the 01st working week 1999
TUBELESS tubeless (TUBETYPE – the tire with the camera) | | 5. Regular check of a condition of tires will allow you to avoid the troubles connected with stops in way because of the lowered wheel. Besides, such checks give valuable information on possible problems with steering and a suspension bracket before emergence in them serious damages. |
| 6. Tires are equipped with the built-in strips of indication of wear of a protector which are bared at decrease in depth of a protector to 1.6 mm then tires are considered as worn-out. This size represents minimum admissible depth of a protector; it is in most cases recommended to replace the tire which depth of a protector of 2 mm and less. Depth of a protector can also be determined by the simple and inexpensive adaptation known under the name of the measuring instrument of depth of a protector. | | 7. Pay attention to any unusual wear of protectors. Such defects of a protector as cavities, cambers, flattening and stronger wear on the one hand indicate violation of angles of installation of forward wheels and/or balancing of a wheel. At identification any of the listed defects it is necessary to address for their adjustment in a tire workshop. |
8. Carefully check the tire for existence of cuts, punctures and the got stuck nails or buttons. Sometimes after piercing of the tire a nail it still some time holds pressure or lowers very slowly.
At suspicion at first check tightness of the nipple of the gate of a rating for existence of such "slow puncture". Then examine a protector on presence at it of the got stuck foreign objects or punctures which are closed up earlier which started over again passing air. If there is a suspicion that there is a puncture, it is possible to make sure of its existence, having moistened the suspected site with soap water. In the presence of leak solution will begin to bubble. If a puncture not too big, the tire it is usually possible to repair in any tire workshop. | | 9. Carefully examine the internal side surfaces of tires on existence of signs of leak of brake fluid on them. If those are available, immediately check the brake system. |
| 10. Maintenance in tires of the correct pressure increases the term of their service, helps to save fuel and improves the general comfort of the movement. The special manometer is necessary for check of pressure. |
ATTENTION Always you keep the exact manometer in the ware box. Indications of the manometers which are built in nozzles of air hoses at stations of service often happen inexact.
| | 11. Always check pressure on cold tires (i.e. to a trip on the car). If to check pressure on the warm or warmed tires, it will lead to overestimate of indications of the manometer because of thermal expansion of tires. In this case it is never necessary to lower pressure since after cooling of the tire it will appear below norm. | | 12. Screw together a protective cap from the gate of a rating acting from a disk of a wheel or from a nave cap then densely press a manometer nozzle to the gate. Consider instrument readings and compare them with recommended in Specifications. Do not forget to install into place a protective cap for prevention of hit in the mechanism of the nipple of dirt and moisture. Check pressure in all four tires and if necessary pump up them to the recommended value of pressure. | | 13. Do not forget to support the required pressure and in a spare wheel. |
| Check of pressure of air in tires | | 14. An inspection of pressure of air should be carried out only on cold tires. |
| 15. Turn off a gate cap. | | 16. Air pressure in tires is checked once a month, and also when carrying out service (including spare a wheel). | | 17. Besides, pressure of air need to be checked before each long trip since in this case temperature load of tires increases. | | 18. Necessary pressure of air in tires is given in the sticker which is on inside of a cover of the fuel tank. |
ATTENTION At use of winter tires pressure of air has to be increased by 0.2 bars in relation to the established value.
| | 19. Pressure of air of narrow tires of a spare wheel is specified on a disk sidewall. |
| Check of the gate of tires |
ATTENTION The used extenders of gates have to be checked for existence of the damages and pollution leading to leakage. If necessary extenders should be replaced.
| | 20. Turn off a rubber protective cap and metal. | | 21. Apply a small amount of soap solution or saliva on the gate. If the air bubble is formed, tighten an insert the 3rd protective cap 2. |
ATTENTION It is necessary to apply only a protective cap to pulling up of the gate 2. 1 rubber protective caps, 4th gate.
| | 22. Again check the gate. If there are bubbles and the gate does not manage to be tightened, it should be replaced (work HUNDRED). | | 23. Surely again establish into place a protective cap. | |
Examples of characteristic wear of protectors of tires Insufficient pressure in the tire leads to its overheat at the movement owing to an excessive deflection therefore the protector does not nestle sufficiently on the surface of the road. It leads to loss of coupling with the road and to excessive wear of a protector, not to mention danger of an exit of the tire out of operation as a result of an overheat.
Check and adjust pressure.
Wrong disorder of wheels (wear on the one hand)
Repair or replace suspension bracket details.
Too sharp turns
Reduce speed!
Excessive pressure
Excessive pressure in the tire results in the accelerated wear of the central part of a protector, decrease in coupling with the road, more rigid movement and increase of danger of fatal damage of a slope.
Check and adjust pressure.
If you had to pump up tires for transportation of heavy freights to the value of pressure specified for this purpose in Specifications, do not forget to pit after that it upon transition to the normal mode of operation.
Tires of forward wheels can unevenly wear out as a result of violation of adjustment of angles of installation of wheels. It is possible to check and adjust the angles of installation for a moderate payment in the majority of tire workshops.
Wrong disorder or выбег
Repair or replace suspension bracket details.
Defect of a suspension bracket
Repair or replace suspension bracket details.
Wheels are debalanced
Make balancing of wheels.
Convergence of forward wheels is incorrectly established
Adjust the angles of installation of forward wheels.
ATTENTION
the obtrepannost of edges of a pattern of a protector which is a wear sign best of all comes to light to the touch.
| | Turn out a stopper for removal of motive oil on the pallet of a case and completely merge oil |