5.4.2. Security measures for an exception of damages of the catalytic converter
Scheme of system of a turbocompressor
| 1 - an adsorber with absorbent carbon 2 - the ventilating pipeline from the fuel tank 3 - the backpressure valve for an adsorber with absorbent carbon 4 - a turbocompressor with the drive from exhaust gases 5 - fuel pressure regulator 6 - inlet pipeline (fuel highway) 7 - ventilation of a case of the engine 8 - the backpressure valve of an adsorber with absorbent carbon |
9 - connection on the case of a butterfly valve 10 - the intercooler (a cooler of the forced air) 11 - intercooler receiver 12 - the cut-off valve at the movement by a setup 13 - the electromagnetic valve for restriction of pressure of pressurization 14 - valve of restriction of pressure of system of ventilation of a case 15 - electrically the operated adsorber valve |
For an exception of damages of the sensor of oxygen and the catalytic converter it is necessary to fulfill the following requirements:
Petrol engines
– Surely apply only unleaded gasoline.
– Start of the heated-up petrol engine pushing or towage is allowed to carry out only in one attempt and at distance no more than 50 m. Better for this purpose to apply a starting cable. Not burned down fuel at ignition can lead to an overheat of the catalytic converter and its destruction.
ATTENTION
– At difficulty with start of the engine it is not necessary to include a starter too long. At the same time the continuous injection of fuel is made. It is necessary to reveal and remove a cause of defect.
– If there are malfunctions with system of ignition, when determining their character it is necessary to exclude injection of fuel at inclusion of a starter. For this purpose switch-off the relay of the fuel pump.
– Never spend fuel in a gasoline tank completely.
– At emergence of interruptions in ignition do not increase the speed of the engine and immediately eliminate malfunction.
– Apply only the recommended spark plugs.
– You do not carry out an inspection of a spark with the disconnected shtekerny connection of a spark plug.
– Test of operation of the cylinder by disconnection of a wire of ignition from its candle is not allowed. At the same time not burned down fuel gets to the catalytic converter.
– Do not stop the car over dry foliage or a grass. The system of production of the fulfilled gases around the catalytic converter very hot also radiates heat even after an engine stop.
– You do not apply on elements of system of release of means for protection of the bottom of the car.
– It is not allowed to change a design of heat-shielding screens.
– When filling the engine with oil especially pay attention to not to exceed the level designated on the index as Max at all. Excess of oil owing to incomplete combustion comes to the catalytic converter and can damage its covering from the alloyed metal or completely destroy the catalytic converter.
Turbocompressor
Petrol engines of 1.8 l 150 h.p. are equipped with a turbocompressor.
The turbocompressor has two turbines installed on one shaft and placed in two separate cases: the driving turbine working from the fulfilled gases and the delivery turbine compressing the air coming to the engine. At the same time the angular speed of rotation of a shaft of the turbine reaches 120 000 rpm. Lubricant of a turbocompressor is carried out from the engine lubrication system. In addition the turbocompressor is cooled with engine cooling system liquid.
Increase in engine capacity at the expense of a turbo-supercharging reaches 100%. Growth of power among other things depends on pressure of the given air which at engines of cars makes 0.4 – 0.8 bars (air pressure in tires makes 1.8 bars). Pressure of air is controlled by the sensor. If pressure of air exceeds the established value, the valve of adjustment of pressure opens, reducing it.
Along with increase of power owing to application of a turbocompressor also the torque increases that, first of all, affects improvement of elasticity of the engine. A condition of reliable pressurization is rotation of a turbocompressor with the required speed. Therefore at the engine rather small turbocompressor which begins to work already at small numbers of turns of the engine is established, and increases its torque.
Between a turbocompressor and an inlet path of the engine there is an intercooler (a cooler of the given air). Cooling of air promotes increase in engine capacity as cold air thanks to higher density has higher content of oxygen.
In the diesel engine the adjustable turbocompressor (a turbocompressor with adjustable geometry) provides increase in engine capacity. Smooth adjustment of shovels is carried out by a control system of the engine via the electromagnetic valve and a vacuum box. Thanks to it at any speed the optimum pressure of pressurization and by that increase in engine capacity is reached, in particular, at low turns of the engine.
The turbocompressor represents the precision mechanism. Therefore, as a rule, in case of malfunction the turbocompressor should be replaced.
Malfunctions of a turbocompressor
If the turbocompressor works incorrectly, it can be determined by power deceleration or impossibility of achievement of the maximum speed in the assumption that the system of injection of fuel works normally. It can be caused by leak in system or malfunction of a turbocompressor. The following sequence of checks is recommended:
Leaks in system
Check an air hose between a turbocompressor and the inlet pipeline via the intercooler for existence of breaks, cracks, the weakened connections etc. and at their detection eliminate them. Check whether there is no thinness between a head of cylinders and the inlet pipeline. It can happen because of defective laying or, in certain cases, because of pipeline shift.
Thinnesses can be in connecting flanges between a final collector and a head of cylinders or between a final collector and a turbocompressor.
Faulty turbocompressor
Check pressurization pressure in a workshop. It can be either too high or too low. If pressure too high, then can be the cause of it malfunction of the electromagnetic valve of restriction of pressure of pressurization or a receiver of the adjusting valve of pressure of pressurization. Poll of memory of the device of diagnostics in a workshop will help to establish where malfunction.
If pressure too low, then it is possible to suspect a receiver of the device of restriction of pressure of pressurization. Otherwise the turbocompressor has to be faulty.
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION OF THE TURBOCOMPRESSOR
It is known that the engine after a long trip with a high speed cannot be switched off at once, it is necessary to allow to it to work a little idling. The reason of it in the following: if at once to kill the "superheated" engine, then the bearing of a shaft of a turbocompressor will heat up so that oil for lubricant of the bearing can burn out. At such address and restart the turbocompressor will soon fail.
The turbocompressor is rather sensitive to dirt or alien objects therefore at removal and installation it is necessary to observe purity.
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